가야고분군 아카이브

초록

비취곡옥은 4세기대 금관가야 지역 5세기 이후에는 경주를 중심으로 영남 전역에 분포한다. 또한 한반도 내에서는 산지가 발견되지 않았지만 일본열도에서는 산지와 제작지가 확인되어 양국 간 교류관계를 밝혀 줄 고고자료로서 주목받았다. 그러나 지금까지는 원석의 산지비정에 집중하였으며 그 결과 시·공간적 분포에서 특수성이 드러나는 유통양상의 검토는 부족하였다. 이에 유통과 소비에 집중한 연구를 시도하였다. 4세기 전반부터 5세기 이전에는 대성동과 복천동집단을 주체로 비취곡옥의 소비가 통제된다. 또한 대성동·복천동의 상위집단을 중심으로 부장되고 계층성이 나타난다. 동시기 일본열도의 제품과 동일한 형태가 유통되고 왜계유물을 공반하기 때문에 倭에서 유입되었을 가능성이 높다. 5세기 전반에는 고구려 남정 이후 금관가야가 주변집단에 대한 통제를 상실하면서 하구지역의 주변과 함안·경주지역의 상위집단을 중심으로 유통이 확대된다. 이 시점에는 倭 중추부와 교류가 단절된다는 점에서 畿內 중심의 경로만을 상정하기 어렵다. 또한 다양한 계통의 하지키계토기와 공반하는 양상은 지속되기 때문에 정치적 상황과 별개의 교류는 계속된다. 5세기 후반에는 경주 중심의 비취곡옥의 유통과 소비가 정점에 달한다. 영남 각지에 고총이 축조되는 현상에 따라 합천·고령·창녕 등에 유통되기 시작하며 주변 중·소 분묘군까지 확산된다. 경주지역의 최상위층은 대형품을 비롯한 소비 자체를 독점하여 복식품으로 착장함으로서 주변집단에 대한 우월함을 드러낸다. 또한 경산 임당집단 간에 특정 형태가 공통적으로 분포하고 임당집단이 복식체계를 수용함으로서 밀접한 관계를 구축한다. 이 시점에는 영남 내부의 유통도 활발해지면서 소비지들 간의 확산도 보인다. 이는 6세기 이후에도 지속되며 영천·양산지역에는 신라의 영향력 확대에 따라 분포가 확산된다. 또한 대가야의 세력 확장에 따라 주변지역에 유통이 시작되고 소가야지역도 왜의 교류가 확인되는 시점에 비취곡옥이 유입된다. 한편 영남지역 출토 비취곡옥의 원류에 대하여 일본열도에서 제품 혹은 원석과 제품이 유입되었다는 주장이 있다. 이를 검토한 결과 5세기 후반에는 일본열도 내의 생산이 감소하고 특정형태가 경주지역에서 급증하고 있어 제품과 원석이 유입되어 제작되었을 가능성이 높다. 또한 공반유물과 형식의 분포양상을 고려하면 畿內를 비롯한 福岡·北陸 등의 지역을 통한 유통도 추측된다.

초록(영문)

Jadeite comma-shaped beads had appeared in the Geumgwan Gaya during the 4th century and It begins to spreading around the Silla and all Young-nam area from the 5th century. However jadeite mine has not been discovered in Korean Peninsula A lot of jadeite mines and remains which are producing jadeite comma-shaped beads were discovered in Japanese Islands. In this respect jadeite comma-shaped beads were has received most attention to aim to identify exchanges and trade between Korean Peninsula and Japanese Islands. The current study focus on proving the area of production and the distribution have been overlooked. For these reasons I tried to archaeological study which is focused on circulation and consumption of jadeite comma-shaped beads in Young-nam area. As a result the consumption was controlled by Daesung-dong and Bokcheon-dong groups and It was buried in a tomb of Daesung-dong and Bokcheon-dong site which is ruling class in Geumgwan Gaya and reflect high classes. At that time similar forms had circulated between Geumgwan Gaya and Japanese Islands from the 4th century to the early of the 5th century and it is also associated with Japan style artifacts. Therefore there is a possibility that jadeite comma-shaped beads were brought from Japanese Islands. In the early of the 5th century Geumgwan Gaya had lost the control on surrounding areas and the circulation spread to the ruling classes of Ham-an and Gyeong-ju area. At this time the Japan-Hajiki style pottery which have a variety of lines had still associated with jadeite comma-shaped beads. Above all the exchanges with Japanese Islands was disconnected for this period. In view of this jadeite comma-shaped beads were not strongly controlled from the Kinai also exited the separate exchanges which had continued without political situation. In the late of the 5th century the most of consumption was concentrated in Gyeong-ju area. As phenomenon resulted from an construction of great tombs in Young-nam area jadeite comma-shaped beads had appeared in Hapcheon Goryeong and Changnyeong area. In Gyeong-ju the tombs of ruling rank had monopolized the consumption of jadeite comma-shaped beads and had established costume system. This costume system was distributed to Gyeong-san area therefore these areas forged a political relationship. At that time it had spread from consumption area to other consumption area as internal exchanges. These patterns had continued after the 6th century. As expanding influence of the Silla on Yeongcheon and Yangsan area distribution of jadeite comma-shaped beads had spread. It is also that circulation had started to surrounding area as expanding the Dae Gaya’s influence and jadeite comma-shaped beads are appeared in So Gaya areas while the exchange between Japanese Island is lasting. In comparison with the circulation of the Kofun period similar forms had been circulated between Young-nam area and Japanese Islands for the 4~6th century. Furthermore considering associated artifacts and distribution It is a possibility that jadeite comma-shaped beads were brought from Japanese Islands. However It is indicates that not only existed the pivotal circulation related to the Kinai but also continued different circulation related to the Fukuoka the Hokuriku area. Meanwhile the production of jadeite comma-shaped beads had declined in Japanese Islands in the late of the 5th century the circulation and consumption had increased in Gyeong-ju. According to this phenomenon It is a possibility that jadeite stone had flown into Young nam area and it had been produced a goods. As a result jadeite comma-shaped beads shows that a new angle on the exchanges between Korean Peninsula and Japanese Islands and internal political and social relations in Young-nam area.

목차